Mew tw 1987 current status and future prospects of research on bacterial blight of rice. Bacterial leaf streak is caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. Variation in spad values at different growth stages of four rice varieties. The diseases are economically important and also serve as model systems for studying. Codeassisted discovery of tal effector targets in bacterial leaf streak of rice reveals contrast with bacterial blight and a novel susceptibility gene. To check that bacteria are present in the leaves, cut a leaf across a young streak and.
Bacterial leaf streak is widely distributed in taiwan, southern china, southeast asian countries, india, and west africa. Despite being very closely related, the pathogens colonize different tissues and cause distinct diseases. Bacterial cells are discharged on leaf surface at night 3. Bacterial leaf blight blb is one of the most serious threats to the rice crop in irrigated and rainfed areas of the world. Mar 31, 2017 rice facts rice is the staple food of almost half of the worlds population more than 90% of worlds rice is grown and consumed in asia.
Pdf confirmation of bacterial leaf streak of rice caused by. Introduction to bacterial leaf blight disease of rice 2. Plants respond to gas signal through various biochemical and physiological processes. Field guide on major disorders of the rice plant in the philippines. The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential of rice rhizosphere associated antagonistic bacteria for growth promotion and disease suppression of bacterial leaf blight blb. Rice bacterial blight, also called bacterial blight of rice, deadly bacterial disease that is among the most destructive afflictions of cultivated rice oryza sativa and o. A wellmarked and distinctive leaf spot of cultivated rice oryza sativa l. Bacterial blight quantitative resistance in rice oryza. In the work, an automated system has been developed to classify the leaf brown spot and the leaf blast diseases of rice plant based on the morphological changes of the plants caused by the diseases. Appearance of bacterial ooze that looks like a milky or. Top of page bacterial leaf streak of rice caused by x. The present study aimed to develop inocula, based on native antagonistic bacteria for biocontrol of blb and to increase the.
Antagonistic potential of different bioagents against bacterial leaf blight of. Modeling of bacterial leaf blight disease assessment and. It was characterized by a dark brown decay of the tillers. Bacterial leaf streak of rice infected leaf has narrow, darkgreen, watersoaked streaks of various lengths initially found on the leaf blade during tillering and booting growth stages. Breeding approaches for bacterial leaf blight resistance in. Welcom e bacterial leaf blight diseases of rice and their management muhammad ammar bagf14e216 university college of agriculture university of sargodha 2. Sciencedirect osbglu19 and osbglu23 regulate disease resistance to bacterial leaf streak in rice li beibei, liu yinggao, wu tao, wang jipeng, xie guirong, chu zhaohui, ding xinhua state key laboratory of crop biologyshandong provincial key laboratory for biology.
Diagnosing bacterial leaf streak of rice plant management network. However, few bactericidal chemicals are available for controlling both diseases. Classification of rice leaf diseases based on morphological. Cultural, morphological, biochemical and pathogenic variability 7.
Development of leaf blade and leaf sheath in rice is well coordinated. The interaction between xoo and rice is governed by resistance genes in rice and correspond. Bacterial leaf streak occurs in areas with high temperature and high humidity. Historical background and geographical distribution of bacterial leaf blight disease of rice 3. Leftover rice rife with harmful bacteria, experts warn. Pecky rice kernel spotting damage by bacteria see also under fungal and miscellaneous diseases sheath brown rot pseudomonas fuscovaginae. Bacterial leaf blight in japan classified by virulences lusabn et al. The genus xanthomonas, which mostly comprises phytopathogenic bacteria, is a member of the family xanthomonadaceae. Apr 01, 2009 bacterial leaf streak is usually not as damaging as bacterial blight, but it is increasing in importance in many areas of the world, particularly southeast asia.
To check that bacteria are present in the leaves, cut a leaf across a young streak and place the cut end in a glass of water. As the disease progresses, the streaks turn to yellowishgray and transparent. Management of bacterial leaf blight of rice agropedia. Bacterial leaf blight of rice africa soil health consortium cabi. Frontiers biocontrol of bacterial leaf blight of rice. Pdf codeassisted discovery of tal effector targets in. Proteome profile of rice leaf and its changes under application of ga 3. Risk of damages due to bacterial leaf streak is variable, but should not be overlooked because there is always a chance of an epidemic. White leafstreak of rice caused by ramularia oryzae sp. Biological control of rice bacterial blight by plant. In the early rice stem borer or the kresek symptom of. Bacterial leaf streak bls, also known as black chaff, is a common bacterial disease of wheat. Bacterial leaf blight of rice kills seedlings and destroys the leaves of older plants.
In severe epidemics, crop loss may be as high as 75 percent, and millions of hectares of rice are infected annually. To better understand the response for ga signal, we carried out a proteomic study in rice oryza sativa l. Keep fields cleanremove weed hosts and plow under rice stubble, straw, rice. Their pathogenicity to rice that led to the development of characteristic leaf blight lesions with wavy margins upon inoculation to leaves of ir24 rice confirmed their identity as bb pathogens. The disease is present in tropical asia, west africa and australia oeppeppo, 2006b. Leaf area index is a measure to know the size of photosynthetic machinery of a plant. Pdf bacterial leaf streak bls caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. Genetic diversity of bacterial leaf blight disease in a set. Bacterial leaf blight and leaf streak are the two most damaging bacterial diseases of rice. To prevent and effectively manage bacterial leaf streak.
Identification of bacterial leaf blight resistance genes. The inheritance of the resistance of three resistant rice varieties, hashikalmi, dular and 90irbbn44, to s103 isolate of bacterial leaf streak and p1 strain of bacterial leaf blight was analysed. Jul 30, 2017 bacterial leaf blight of rice is one of the most caustic diseases of rice throughout the world. Anatomy of stem,root and leaf of rice linkedin slideshare. Antibacterial activity of two chitosan solutions and their. Pdf xanthomonas oryzae is one of the most important pathogens of rice oryza sativa ninoliu et al.
Pdf confirmation of bacterial leaf streak of rice caused. Plant disease october 2014 volume 98, number 10 table of contents. Severe disease conditions are usually observed in the early stages of growth. Bacterial leaf streak is usually not as damaging as bacterial blight, but it is increasing in importance in many areas of the world, particularly southeast asia.
Rice is the seed of the grass species oryza sativa. Yield losses are normally less than 10%, but can be up to 40%. Watersoaked to yellowish stripes on leaf blades or starting at leaf tips then later increase in length and width with a wavy margin 2. Infected plants show browning and drying of leaves. The experiments from plants treatment to 2de were carried. Plant growth promotion and suppression of bacterial leaf. The slogan rice is life is most appropriate for india as this crop plays a vital role in our national food security and is means of livelihood for millions of rural households.
The pathogen is found globally, but is a primary problem in the us in the lower midsouth and can reduce yields by up to 40 percent. Studies on bacteriophages of xanthomonas oryzae and xanthomonas translucens f. Recently, it has also been reported from east africa. Recovery plan for xanthomonas oryzae causing bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak of rice june 4, 20 contents page executive summary 2 contributors 4 i. Rice is the most important and staple food crop for more than two thirds of the population of india. Bacterial leaf blight of rice besides disease management, bioagents also stimulate plant growth, even if there is no disease, which results in better yield mishra and sinha, 2000. Based on reported cases, yield loss caused by bacterial leaf streak can range from 8. The loss in yield is due to lower weight of the seed rather than lack of production. In rice there are 29 major genes for resistance to bacterial blight, but so far only a few quantitative resistance loci for bacterial leaf streak. Bacterial leaf blight blb of rice, caused by the xanthomonas oryzae pv. Through rigorous screening and selection, a number of resistant cultivars have been produced and utilized, but resistance was overcome by the development of mutant strains of. Advanced symptoms of bacterial leaf streak showing orange appearance of streaks. Genetic diversity of bacterial leaf blight disease in a. Planting a resistant variety is the simplest and, often, the most cost effective management for diseases.
Studies on rice seed inspection of bacterial leaf streak of rice. Rice diseases, their biology and selective management practices, plant pathology channel. It was first noticed by the farmers in fukuoka prefecture kyushu island, japan, as early as in 188485. Oct 18, 2016 irri online resource for rice blast and rice bacterial leaf blightblb. At this stage, the disease is very similar in appearance to bacterial leaf blight. Experts warn rice left at room temperature has been found to be vulnerable to a strain of bacteria that causes food poisoning. Irri online resource for rice blast and rice bacterial leaf blightblb. Currently, the use of resistant rice cultivars is the most economical and effective way to combat blb. The present study aimed to develop inocula, based on native antagonistic bacteria for. Fine mapping of qblsr5a, a qtl controlling resistance to.
Pathogenic bacteria associated with rice seed in the subtropic and the tropic areas. Acrossseason survival of xanthomonas campestris pv. In order to uncover the correlation between the increased growth of rice seedlings and biochemical and physiological changes after application of exogenous ga 3, total protein were extracted from the rice leaf and resolved by 2de. Bacterial leaf streak the disease is usually observed during the tillering stage of the rice crop. The disease was first observed in 188485 in kyushu, japan, and the causal agent. In vitro antibiosis screening of the bacterial antagonists to x. Identification of bacterial leaf blight resistance genes in wild rice of eastern india anil kumar singh 1, ekta dharmraj 1, rohini nayak 1, pawan kumar singh 1, nagendra kumar singh 2 1 department of genetics and plant breeding, institute of agricultural sciences, banaras hindu university, varanasi, india. Bacterial leaf streak bls caused by the gramnegative bacterial pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. Apr 17, 2017 bacterial leaf streak bls caused by the gramnegative bacterial pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. The quantitative trait locus qtl qblsr5a on the short arm of rice oryza sativa l. There is a need to use environmentally safe approaches to overcome the loss of grain yield in rice due to this disease. Among the rice producing countries, bangladesh rank fourth to china, india and indonesia both in acreage and production fao, 2003.
Vera cruz diagnosing bacterial leaf streak of rice. Inoculation and virulence assay for bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak of rice article in methods in molecular biology clifton, n. Rice landraces of west bengal bipasha roy1, basabdatta das2, manoj prasad3 and tapas kumar ghose4 1, 2, 4 bose institute, 931 apc road kolkata700009, west bengal 3national institute of plant genome research, aruna asaf ali marg, new delhi 110067, india abstract bacterial leaf blight blb is a major disease of rice in tropical. Breeding approaches for bacterial leaf blight resistance. The rice plant can easily recover at the later growth stages and grain yield losses are minimal.
Irri online resource for rice blast and bacterial leaf. Approximately 90% of the worlds rice is grown in asia continent and constitutes a staple. Some symptoms of bacterial leaf blight could be confused with bacterial leaf streak, caused by a different but related bacterium. It is the agricultural commodity with the thirdhighest worldwide production, after sugarcane and maize. They are mainly caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Through rigorous screening and selection, a number of resistant cultivars have been produced and utilized, but resistance was overcome by the. China india indonesia bangladesh vietnam thailand myanmar philippines the. Mapping of qtls conferring resistance to bacterial leaf. High humidity, rain management use resistant varieties balanced fertilization reduce seedling damage maintain shallow water in nurseries. Air spaces known as lacuna are formed in the leaf sheath and midrib of the leaf blade. Bacterial leaf streak is a major bacterial disease of wheat. The disease is extremely serious worldwide and has emerged as a major problem in irrigated crops in the sahel. White leaf streak is proposed as an apt name for the disease. A total of 811 rhizospheric bacteria were isolated and screened against 3 prevalent strains of blb pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv.
Streaks also occur on the leaf sheaths and the stems of susceptible varieties. Metabolomic profiling of bacterial leaf blight in rice. Bacterial leaf streak disease bls caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzicola is one of the emergent biotic constraints to rice production in africa. Inoculation and virulence assay for bacterial blight and.
Bacterial streak is an important disease of rice in asia, and no simply inherited sources of resistance have been identified in rice. Antagonistic potential of different bioagents against bacterial leaf blight of rice has been reported by several workers. Identification of bacterial leaf blight resistance genes in. Gibberellins gas are plantspecific hormones that play a central role in the regulation of growth and development with respect to environmental variability. A bacterial disease of rice, bacterial foot rot,was found injapan in july with a slight pull.
Bacterial foot rot of rice caused erwinia chrysanthemi. Bacterial leaf streak disease development and severity is favored by. Exploring the response of rice oryza sativa leaf to. The disease is caused by the bacterial species xanthomonas translucens pv. Jan 21, 2014 bacterial leaf blight blb is one of the most serious threats to the rice crop in irrigated and rainfed areas of the world. Materials and methods incidence and severity of bacterial leaf blight of rice in pakistan three comprehensive surveys of all rice growing zones of pakistan were conducted at the mature grain stage of the crop during 20052007, on annual basis. India bdepartment of plant pathology, college of agriculture, shimoga 577204, karnataka, india. It is the most widely consumed staple food for a large part of the worlds human population, especially in asia. Research application summary bacterial leaf streak disease of rice. In the early rice stem borer or the kresek symptom of bacterial leaf blight.
Resistance of rice plant to bacterial leaf blight and. Symptoms of bacterial leaf streak may vary depending on cultivar. Bacterial rice diseases examined for genetic solutions. The syndrome was similar to the damage caused by the 1977. The antibacterial properties of two kinds of chitosan with different molecular weights and degrees of n. A field survey of rice bacterial diseases and their causal organisms was conducted in zhejiang, china subtropical and luzon, philippines tropical during 19931998. Osbglu19 and osbglu23 regulate disease resistance to. Under severe conditions, this could lead to reduced grain weight due to loss of photosynthetic area. In the work, an automated system has been developed to classify the leaf brown spot and the leaf blast diseases of rice plant based on the morphological changes of. Rice facts rice is the staple food of almost half of the worlds population more than 90% of worlds rice is grown and consumed in asia. Frontiers biocontrol of bacterial leaf blight of rice and. Pdf confirmation of bacterial leaf streak caused by. A maize resistance gene functions against bacterial streak.
1503 1522 443 786 744 1105 1511 431 896 1156 978 710 960 664 1079 280 819 201 879 433 1070 388 409 56 157 824 1403 546 910 1376 1067 115 138 1402 25 912 1287 225 1102 505 1352 546 890 688